Урок 9

Значения некоторых суффиксов

Суффиксы существительных

1. для обозначения действующего лица:

-er – teacher учитель, worker рабочий
-or – doctor врач, instructor инструктор

2. для обозначения отвлеченных понятий:

-y – honesty честность, modesty скромность

3. для обозначения национальной принадлежности:

-ian – Russaian русский

Суффиксы прилагательных

-al – political политический, technical технический

-able (для обозначения наличия качества) comfortable удобный, suitable подходящий

Суффиксы числительных

-teen – thirteen тринадцать, fourteen четырнадцать

-ty – fifty пятьдесят, sixty шестьдесят

Суффиксы наречий

-ly – suddenly вдруг, badly плохо

Прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Indefinite Tense)

Прошедшее неопределенное время употребляется для выражения действия или ряда последовательных действий, совершившихся в прошлом. С этим временем употребляются такие наречия времени, как yesterday вчера, last week на прошлой неделе, last year в прошлом году, ago тому назад.

В зависимости от образования формы Past Indefinite все глаголы в английском языке делятся на две группы: правильные и неправильные (или стандартные и нестандартные).

1. Форма Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания «-ed» к форме инфинитива без «to». Например: to work работать, worked – работал.
2. Форма Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами: 1) изменением корневой гласной (to get – got); 2) изменением конечной согласной (to send – sent); 3) изменением всей основы (to go - went); 4) путем использования одной и той же формы (to cut – cut).

Форма Past Indefinite является второй основной формой глагола. Первой является инфинитив, третьей – причастие.

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Прилагательные в английском языке не изменяются ни по числам, ни по падежам. Они изменяются только по степеням сравнения. Существуют три степени сравнения: положительная, сравнительная и превосходная.

Текст к уроку 9: «A true friend»

A man went on horseback to the nearest town to get some money. He took his dog with him. When he got the money, he put the bag in front of him and started for home. His dog ran near the horse. The weather was hot. The man wanted to rest. He sat down under a tree and put the bag with the money near him. But when he got on his horse again, he forgot the money under the tree and went away.
The dog wanted to drag the bag, but it was very heavy. It ran after the horse and barked more and more. It tried to tell the man of his mistake. But the man did not understand the dog. He thought that the dog was mad. When they crossed a river, the man saw that the dog did not drink, and he was sure that it was mad. He took his pistol and shot the dog.
The man was very sad. “I’d rather lose the money than the dog,” he thought. And suddenly he remembered about the money. Now he understood his dog, and he was still sadder. On his way back he could not see his dog, he saw only blood on the ground. But when he come to the tree, he saw his dog near the money. The dog tried to stand up but it could not. Soon the dog died.

Questions and Answers

“Did you friend yesterday?” “Yes, I did. I saw him in the park.”
“Did you go to the plant together?” “No, we didn’t. We went to the library.”
“What did you do at the library?” “We borrowed books there.”
“Did your friend borrow an English book?” “No, he didn’t. He borrowed a Russian book.”
“When did you go to bed?” “I went to bed at 11.”

Упражнения к уроку 9

Упражнение 1. а) Прочитайте следующие правильные глаголы, данные в форме Past Indefinite.

wanted, rested, barked, tried, crossed, remembered, died, planned, studied, attended, fulfilled, enjoyed, walked.

б) Дайте форму инфинитива к следующим неправильным глаголам в Past Indefinite. went, got, took, put, ran, was (were), sat down, forgot, understood, thought, saw, shot, lost, came, could.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite Tense.

1. The children (to go) to the river. 2. The weather (to be) not hot. 3. They (to want) to walk near the river. 4. They (to take) many English books with them. 5. They (to sit down) near the river. 6. I (to read) this book a year ago. 7. The book (to be) very interesting. 8. They (to understand) the English stories. 9. They (can) read English. 10. After that they (to run) and (to walk) in the park. 11. The children (to come) home in the evening.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. He attended English classes last year. 2. The children saw a horse near the river. 3. The man wanted to rest under a tree. 4. The children went to the river because the weather was hot. 5. The man forgot to take the money.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную форму.

1. We rested in the park on Sunday. 2. Tom and Nelly were good friends. 3. I had some English books at home a week ago. 4. They came to the club at 9 o’clock. 5. He remembered many English words.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте предлоги.

1. “Is Tom . . . home?” “No, he is . . . the park . . . his mother.” 2. “The sister . . . my mother is a teacher.” 3. . . . Sunday we are . . . home. 4. Why are you . . . bed? 5. The table is . . . the window. 6. There are no books . . . the shelf. 7. Take your books . . . . . . the bag. 8. Give the book . . . your brother. 9. What has she . . . her bag? 10. Don’t sit . . . the window. 11. Put the book . . . the bag. 12. Come . . . the room. 13. Go . . . . . . the room. 14. He has some friends . . . Moscow. 15. Take the newspaper . . . the table. 16. Go . . . the Institute. 17. She has a pen . . . her hand.

Упражнение 6. Дайте сравнительную и превосходную степени от следующих прилагательных.

good; comfortable; soft; red; interesting; much; little; big; large

Упражнение 7. а) Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительную или превосходную степень.

1. The living-room is the (large) room in our flat. 2. My book is (interesting) than Tom’s book. 3. He is the (good) worker of all. 4. Ivanova’s flat is (big) than mine. 5. Our shop is (bad) than theirs.

б) Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Упражнение 8. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. Who went to the nearest town on horseback?
2. What did the man want to get in town?
3. Whom did he take with him?
4. Where did the man rest?
5. What did he forget under the tree?
6. Who saw the money under the tree?
7. How did the dog want to tell the man of his mistake?
8. What did the man think about the dog?
9. Why did he shoot the dog?
10. Did the man remember about the money?
11. What did the man see near the money?

Упражнение 9. Перескажите текст урока.

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте следующий рассказ и переведите его на русский язык.

Two friends, Mike and Pete, went to the wood. They enjoyed their walk very much. There were many mushrooms under the trees and the boys gathered them. As they started for home, they saw a bear near them. Mike forgot about his friend and ran away. Pete was smaller than Mike and he could not run away. He sat down under a tree and shut his eyes in fear. The bear came up to him and, thinking that Pete was dead, went away. When the bear went away, Mike came up to Pete. He said to Pete, “What did the bear tell you?” Pete answered, “He thinks that you are a bad friend.”